成人二语习得为什么难以完全成功？——以英语者学习汉语不及物动词为例

本文将讨论中国人学习英语，外国人学习汉语的情况，并以汉语不及物动词为例，对这一现象进行讨论。不及物动词的使用常常被认为相对简单容易，不太需要进行特殊处理。但一项汉语二语习得实证研究显示，以母语为英语的汉语学习者，在学习掌握带不及物动词的汉语语序时，遇到很多困难，即便到了高级阶段也是如此。他们可以轻松自如地学习掌握 “名词+不及物动词”的语序，但是他们无法学习掌握汉语中“不及物动词+名词”语序在何种情况下是符合汉语语法的。本文在句法-语义界面关系的基础上分析了汉语二语习得者在学习掌握这一语法点的表现，针对二语学习者对目的语进行语言处理的局限性、对目的语资源分配的低效、以及对各类语言信息之间瞬间协调整合的能力进行了尝试性的探讨。

YUAN Boping is a Professor Emeritus in Chinese Language and Linguistics at the University of Cambridge. He continues to be a PhD supervisor at Cambridge and Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge. He is currently also a Distinguished Professor in Linguistics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

His research interests are in linguistic approaches to second/third language acquisition, particularly in non-native language acquisition of Chinese. He has recently developed interests in bilingualism and aphasia and is involved in a joint project in this area at SJTU. He is the editor-in-chief of Journal of Second Language Studies (John Benjamins), and has published numerous articles in internationally prestigious journals. His forthcoming monograph Interlanguage Grammars of Mandarin Chinese is going to be published by Cambridge University Press soon.